Jurnal Keterapian Fisik (E-ISSN : 2580-5908; ISSN : 2503-3557) is an journal which publishes scientific works for academics, and practitioners.Jurnal keterapian fisik welcomes and invites original and relevant research articles in physiotherapy, acupuncture, occupational therapy, prosthetic orthotics, speech therapy, and health education, as well as literature study and case report particularly. The journal is an open access journal and The journal is published twice a year in Mei and November. This journal has been accredited by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) managed by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia with fourt Grade (Sinta 4) since 2016 to 2020 (Decree No. 21/E/KPT/2018). JKF welcomes and invites researchers from around the world to submit their papers (original research article, systematic review, and case study) for publication in this journal. All papers are published as soon as they have been accepted. Publisher of Jurnal Keterapian Fisik is Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta incorporate with the organization of profesions : Perhimpunan Akupuntur Terapis Indonesia (HAKTI) ACCREDITATION: RE-ACCREDITATION RESULT Start from June 2020, Based on Excerpts and Decrees of the Minister of Research and Technology / Head of the National Research and Innovation Agency, with Number: B / 1796 / E5.2 / KI.02.00/ 2020, Jurnal Keterapian Fisik has accredited SINTA 3 (3rd Grade Journal). The Accreditation is valid until 2024. EDITORIAL: ENGLISH LANGUAGE Since Vol. 6 No. 1 March 2021, Jurnal Keterapian Fisik only receives full-text manuscript in ENGLISH. Thank you. Jurnal Keterapian Fisik Volume 11 Number 2 November 2026 Dear Authors and Researchers, Jurnal Keterapian Fisik invites researchers, academics, and practitioners to submit original research articles for Volume 11 Number 2 November 2026. Manuscripts must be written in English and comply with ethical research standards, including ethical clearance where applicable. The journal does not accept literature review articles. All submitted manuscripts will undergo a peer-review process, and the journal does not provide fast-track services. Letter of Acceptance (LoA) will only be issued after the manuscript has been reviewed and officially accepted. All communication with authors is conducted entirely through the OJS system, and communication via WhatsApp is not available. Best regards, Editor in Chief Jurnal Keterapian Fisik
The Effect of Back Massage on Improving Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Literature Review
Background: Sleep quality is essential for maintaining the overall health and well-being of older adults, as inadequate sleep can negatively affect physical, psychological, and functional conditions. Sleep disturbances are commonly reported among the older population and may reduce quality of life. Therefore, identifying safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions is important. This literature review aims to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of back massage in improving sleep quality among older adults. Methods: This study employed a literature review method by identifying and analyzing relevant quantitative studies from electronic databases using keywords related to back massage and sleep quality in older adults. The inclusion criteria consisted of quasi-experimental studies published between 2020 and 2024 that examined the effectiveness of back massage interventions on sleep quality among older adults. Selected studies were reviewed based on predefined criteria to ensure relevance and methodological suitability. Results: A synthesis of findings from 12 studies showed that back massage interventions consistently improved sleep quality among older adults. Statistical analyses, including the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test, predominantly demonstrated p-values < 0.05, indicating significant differences in sleep quality scores before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Back massage therapy has been shown to positively improve sleep quality in older adults. Therefore, back massage therapy is recommended as a safe, effective, affordable, and easy-to-perform intervention to help enhance the quality of life of older adults.
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Effect of Acupuncture on Reducing Migraine Pain and Medication Use: A Meta-Analysis
Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder that significantly affects quality of life and daily functioning. Despite this, the existing evidence remains inconsistent and requires further clarification through comprehensive analysis. The aim of this study was to analyze and estimate the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing migraine pain score and medication use. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of twelve Randomized Control Trial studies. The data used for this study sourced from following database: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar between 2015-2024. The data selection was carried out using PRISMA flowchart. The statistical analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.4.1. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity across studies. Results: Result of meta-analysis showed that acupuncture can reduce migraine pain intensity (SMD= -1.05; 95% CI= -1.73 to -0.37; p=0.002) and medication use (SMD= -1.61; 95% CI= -2.99 to -0.23; p=0.02). Conclusion: Acupuncture is effective in reducing both migraine pain intensity and medication use, indicating its potential as a non-pharmacological treatment option for migraine management. Acupuncture may be considered as an adjunct therapy in clinical practice for migraine patients, and further high-quality randomized controlled trials are recommended to strengthen the evidence base.
Multimodal Acupuncture Enhances Autonomic Balance and Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults
Background: Blood pressure regulation is influenced by autonomic nervous system balance, where increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity contribute to hypertension. Acupuncture may modulate autonomic function but combined somatic and auricular approaches remain underexplored. This study evaluated a multimodal acupuncture protocol combining Neiguan (PC6), auricular vagus, and Er Shen Men on autonomic function and blood pressure. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with a pretest–posttest design was conducted in 60 adults aged 20–60 years, allocated into four groups: combination therapy, PC6 only, auricular vagus + Er Shen Men, and sham acupuncture. Interventions were applied twice weekly for four weeks. Outcomes included heart rate variability (SDNN, RMSSD, LF/HF ratio, and heart rate) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analyzed using paired tests and ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc comparisons. Results: The combination group showed significant improvements in SDNN, RMSSD, LF/HF ratio, and heart rate, along with reductions in systolic (−12.0 mmHg) and diastolic (−10.0 mmHg) blood pressure (p < 0.001). Single-intervention groups showed moderate changes, while the sham group showed minimal effects. Between-group differences were significant (p < 0.05), with greater improvements observed in the combination group. Conclusion: Multimodal acupuncture is associated with improved autonomic function and reduced blood pressure, suggesting its potential as a non-pharmacological intervention for cardiovascular regulation.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Dynamic Balance in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
Background: Menopause is a natural biological phase in women characterized by a decline in estrogen levels, which contributes to musculoskeletal deterioration and impaired balance function. Reduced dynamic balance in menopausal women increases the risk of falls and may affect functional independence. Aerobic exercise has the potential to serve as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve postural stability and neuromuscular function. This study aimed to systematically review the effects of aerobic exercise on improving dynamic balance in menopausal women. Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025. The inclusion criteria included experimental studies involving menopausal or postmenopausal women receiving aerobic exercise interventions with outcomes related to balance, mobility, or fall risk. Studies were excluded if they were reviews, conference papers, non-experimental designs, did not involve aerobic exercise, or had incomplete data. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that aerobic exercise, either as a standalone intervention or combined with strength and balance training, was associated with improvements in dynamic balance, functional mobility, and a reduction in fall risk among menopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise is effective in improving dynamic balance in menopausal women and may be recommended as a non-pharmacological physiotherapy intervention to prevent balance decline and reduce fall risk.
Stump Length and Its Role in Improving Functional Mobility Among Transtibial Prosthesis Users
Background: Transtibial amputations generally have a better survival prognosis, and the remaining stump length after transtibial amputation (ideally 12-35 cm) plays a crucial role in the functional mobility of prosthesis users, including balance, weight transfer, walking, and daily activities. Mobility limitations can negatively impact the social aspects, quality of life, and health of amputees, making restoring mobility through prosthesis use an important goal. The purpose of this study was to determine and prove to evaluate the contribution of stump length the relationship between stump length and functional mobility in transtibial prosthesis users. Methods: The research method used was quantitative, with an analytical observational study and a cross-sectional design. A total of 15 respondents were selected from a population of 55 below-knee amputee patients using transtibial prostheses using a purposive sampling technique using the L – Test of Functional Mobility instrument. Results: The Spearman Rank Correlation test produced a p-value of <0.001 which is statistically significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.845 which is very strong and positive. So, there is a very strong relationship between stump length and functional mobility in transtibial prosthesis users. Conclusion: The longer the transtibial stump, the better the functional mobility. It is recommended that during amputation the stump be kept as long as possible.
Functional Walking Speed in Transtibial Prosthesis Users: Insights from Prosthesis Use Duration
Background: Amputation of a lower limb has a detrimental effect on one's quality of life, psychological health, and physical health. Reduced physical capacity is one of the effects that contributes to physical health. As a result, the experience of using a prosthesis is essential for enhancing functional capacities to adjust to the social, professional, and family environments. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the length of prosthesis use and walking speed in transtibial prosthesis users. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analytical observational design. A two-minute walk test was used to measure walking speed, and an observation sheet was used to assess usage duration. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit a total of 15 participants, and hypothesis testing was conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The results showed that there was no significant correlation between walking speed and the duration of prosthesis use among transtibial prosthesis users (r = −0.314, p = 0.255). Conclusion: This study found no statistically significant relationship between the duration of prosthesis use and walking speed among transtibial prosthesis users. Walking speed is likely influenced by multiple factors, including age, stump length, muscle strength, and prosthesis condition. Therefore, rehabilitation strategies should adopt a comprehensive and individualized approach rather than relying solely on the duration of prosthesis use.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Effect of Taichong (LR3) and Zusanli (ST36) on Hypertension in the Elderly
Background: Hypertension is a health problem commonly experienced by the elderly and is one of the most prevalent conditions in this age group. The effect of acupuncture in lowering blood pressure includes regulating vasoactive substances in the blood vessel endothelium. One of the active substances known to be affected by release and activation through acupuncture is Nitric Oxide (NO). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of taichong and zusanli points of acupuncture for hypertension patients. Methods: This study employed a one-group pre-test–post-test pre-experimental design involving 40 elderly participants selected through accidental sampling during an elderly exercise program. Acupuncture intervention was performed on the LR3 and ST36 points according to clinical guidelines for 10 minutes per session by certified practitioners, with close monitoring and no reported side effects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and post-intervention comparisons were conducted using paired samples t-test. Results: The analysis showed a reduction in mean systolic blood pressure of 10.95 mmHg after the acupuncture intervention (95% CI: 155.53 to 165.87, p-value < 0.01), indicating a statistically significant pre–post difference within the sample. In contrast, the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased by 1.15 mmHg (95% CI: 76.76 to 84.19, p-value > 0.05), suggesting no statistically significant change. Conclusion: These findings reflect an improvement in systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure among the participating elderly individuals. Acupuncture shows potential as a supportive therapy in lowering systolic blood pressure in the elderly.
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Comparison of McKenzie and Cailliet Exercises on Neck Function in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Background: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle causes pain and limited neck function, which can interfere with work activities. Physiotherapy efforts used to reduce pain and improve neck function include McKenzie Neck Exercise and Neck Cailliet Exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effects of McKenzie Neck Exercise and Neck Cailliet Exercise on neck functional ability in workers with MPS of the upper trapezius muscle. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre- and post-test design. Sampling was conducted using simple random sampling of 30 employees of PT Iskandar Indah Printing Textile who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely group I, which received McKenzie Neck Exercise (n=15), and group II, which received Neck Cailliet Exercise (n=15). The intervention was given twice a week for three weeks. The research instrument used the Neck Disability Index (NDI) to measure neck functional ability. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: The test results showed a significant improvement in neck functional ability in both groups (group I p=0.001; group II p=0.000). The between-group difference test showed a p-value of 0.004 (p<0.05), which means there was a significant difference between the two exercises. Conclusion: Both exercises were effective in improving neck function, but the McKenzie Neck Exercise was more effective than the Neck Cailliet Exercise. The McKenzie Neck Exercise can be recommended as a more optimal physiotherapy intervention to improve neck function in workers with upper trapezius muscle Myofascial Pain Syndrome.
Differences in the Effects of Two Combinations of Hold Relax Techniques on Gastrocnemius Muscle Pain Reduction
Background: Pain in the gastrocnemius muscle is often experienced by garment factory workers due to repetitive standing and walking activities. Combination therapy techniques are an alternative to reduce pain and improve muscle function. This study aims to determine the difference in effectiveness between hold relax exercise with auto myofascial release technique and hold relax exercise with auto stretching in reducing gastrocnemius muscle pain in garment company employees. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test control group. A sample of 40 employees with gastrocnemius muscle pain was selected using purposive sampling and divided into two intervention groups of 20 people each. The first group received hold relax exercise and auto myofascial release technique, while the second group received hold relax exercise and auto stretching. Pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Statistical testing using an independent t-test yielded a result of p=0.007 (p<0.05), which means that there was a difference between groups I and II, with a mean difference after treatment of 13.27 mm in group I and 3.53 mm in group II. Conclusion: Hold relax exercise with the Auto myofascial release technique is more effective in reducing gastrocnemius muscle pain than Hold relax exercise with Auto stretching in garment company employees.
The Difference in the Effects of Dry Needling (DN) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on Pain Reduction in Upper Trapezius Spasms
Background: Upper trapezius muscle spasm pain often occurs due to excessive forward head posture and persistent muscle tension, thereby hindering functional activities. Various physiotherapy modalities are used to reduce pain, including Dry Needling (DN) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of DN and LLLT in reducing upper trapezius muscle spasm pain. Methods: This study was an experiment with a two-group pre- and post-test design. A sample of 30 patients from the Physiotherapy Clinic at Dr. Ramelan Hospital in Surabaya was selected using simple random sampling and divided into two groups of 15 people each. Group I received DN intervention, while group II received LLLT for four weeks at a frequency of three times per week. The research instrument used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), which has a reliability of 0.97 and validity of 0.925. Data analysis was performed using the paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was a significant difference between the VAS scores before and after treatment in both groups (p=<0.001). The pain reduction score was higher in the DN group (Δ=3.5) than in the LLLT group (Δ=1.75), proving that DN is more effective in reducing upper trapezius muscle spasm pain. Conclusion: DN is more effective than LLLT in reducing upper trapezius muscle spasm pain. DN intervention can be used as the primary choice in the management of neck muscle spasm and combined with therapeutic exercises for optimal results.
Jin's Three Needle Acupuncture and Moxibustion Reduce Pain Intensity in Gastritis
Background: Gastritis is a common disease in the community caused by unhealthy lifestyles. Long-term repeated use of stomach medication has the potential to cause side effects and organ damage. Acupuncture is an effective therapy for chronic pain that has long-lasting effects without side effects. This study aims to determine the effect of Jin's Three Needle acupuncture and moxibustion therapy on pain intensity in gastritis patients. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, divided into two groups. Group 1 received Jin's Three Needle acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, while group 2 received only Jin's Three Needle acupuncture therapy. The measurement instrument used a pain scale. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The analysis showed that the group receiving Jin's Three Needle acupuncture and moxibustion therapy experienced a more significant reduction in pain scale compared to the acupuncture-only therapy group with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Jin's Three Needle acupuncture therapy combined with moxibustion is effective in reducing the intensity of gastritis pain. The combination of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy is recommended as an alternative treatment for gastritis to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of gastric medication.
Acupuncture Therapy Combined with Cucumber Juice (Cucumis Sativus) Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertension
Background: Hypertension is a condition of elevated arterial blood pressure that can cause dysfunction of vital organs such as the heart and kidneys. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture and consumption of cucumber juice, are known to help lower blood pressure. This study aims to determine the effect of acupuncture therapy combined with cucumber juice on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a pretest-post test control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 36 hypertensive patients at the BMI Pringsewu Lampung Primary Clinic who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instruments used observation sheets and blood pressure measurements with an aneroid sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the One-Way ANOVA test. Results: The greatest average decrease in systolic blood pressure occurred in the acupuncture therapy group combined with cucumber juice, with a percentage decrease of 13.76% in systolic and 11.10% in diastolic blood pressure. The results of the analysis showed a significant effect on the reduction in systolic blood pressure (F = 6.369; p = 0.005), while the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was not significant (p = 0.205). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy combined with cucumber juice is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This combination therapy can be used as a non-pharmacological complementary alternative for controlling hypertension.
The Difference in the Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Elderly Exercise on Blood Pressure Reduction in Elderly Hypertensive Patients
Background: Hypertension in the elderly isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), where increased systolic pressure increases the likelihood of stroke and myocardial infarction even if diastolic pressure is within normal limits. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of progressive muscle relaxation and elderly exercise on blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods: This study used a two-group pre-test and post-test design involving 20 subjects randomly divided into two groups. Group I was given progressive muscle relaxation treatment, and group II was given elderly exercise treatment. The frequency of exercise was twice a week for two weeks. The measuring instrument used in this study was a sphygmomanometer. Results: Hypothesis I test using a paired sample t-test obtained a p-value of 0.001, while hypothesis II test using a paired sample t-test obtained a p-value of <0.001. Hypothesis III test using an independent sample t-test obtained a p-value of 0.042 (p<0.005). Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation combined with exercise for the elderly has an effect on lowering blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. Both interventions can be used to lower blood pressure in the elderly.
Kinesio Taping and Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise Reduce Osteoarthritis Pain: A Literature Review
Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative diseases, not only in Indonesia but also throughout most of the world. This disease causes pain in sufferers. Kinesio taping has therapeutic effects for muscle function correction by increasing weak muscle strength and improving blood and lymphatic circulation. Quadriceps strengthening exercises are one form of strengthening exercise recommended to increase the strength of the quadriceps and lower extreme muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kinesio taping and quadriceps strengthening exercises on reducing osteoarthritis pain based on the literature. Methods: This study was a literature review using PICOT analysis. Five databases were used, namely PubMed, Sage Journal, BMC, Science Direct, PEDro, and snowballing technique. After all articles were collected and checked for duplication and screening, 11 articles were accepted and analyzed from 223 articles. Results: In this literature study, the researchers searched for and selected articles from 223 titles to 11 titles that met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the eleven journals had an effect on knee OA pain. Conclusion: Research on the effect of Kinesio Taping and quadriceps strengthening exercises on knee osteoarthritis pain was conducted using a literature study method, and eleven articles that passed the screening test showed that Kinesio Taping and quadriceps strengthening exercises have an effect on knee osteoarthritis pain.
The Difference in the Effects of Open Kinetic Chain Exercise and Isometric Exercise on the Quadriceps Muscles in Reducing Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritists with Knee Osteoarthritis
Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength and pain during activities. Strengthening the quadriceps muscles through exercise effectively reduces pain and improves the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of open kinetic chain (OKC) and isometric exercises on pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental two-group pre- and post-test design with 40 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people. Group I performed OKC exercises and group II performed isometric exercises for 4 weeks (3 sessions/week). Pain was measured using the valid and reliable Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test for pre- and post-comparisons within each group and the Mann-Whitney test for differences between groups. Results: OKC and isometric exercises significantly reduced pain in patients. The mean VAS reduction in the OKC group was 2.10 ± 0.60, while in the isometric group it was 1.20 ± 0.51. The difference in pain reduction between groups was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: OKC exercise was more effective in reducing knee osteoarthritis pain than isometric exercise. It is recommended that OKC exercise be used as the primary intervention in knee osteoarthritis physiotherapy rehabilitation for optimal results. Further studies with larger samples and longer durations are needed.
Adding Core Stability Exercise After SWD and TENS Treatment Reduces Pain in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Background: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is pain in the lower back that has no specific pathological cause, characterized by tenderness and muscle spasm that reduces lumbar stability. Common therapies in healthcare facilities include Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). However, effectiveness can be increased by adding Core Stability Exercise (CSE), which focuses on strengthening the core muscles to maintain spinal stability. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of adding CSE after SWD and TENS in reducing pain in patients with non-specific LBP. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test and post-test design. The study sample consisted of 30 patients with non-specific LBP at Bethesda Hospital in Yogyakarta, who were selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group I received SWD and TENS, while group II received SWD, TENS, and CSE twice a week for four weeks. The research instrument was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed using the paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: Analysis showed a p-value <0.001 in both groups, with greater pain reduction in the group that received additional CSE. Conclusion: The addition of Core Stability Exercise after SWD and TENS therapy was effective in reducing pain in patients with non-specific LBP. It is recommended that physiotherapists integrate core stability exercises as part of standard therapy to reduce pain and improve lower back stability.
Analysis of the Development of Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Background: Preschool is an important period in child development because of the acceleration in motor, language, and social-emotional skills. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties in social, communication, and repetitive behavior aspects that impact developmental delays. This study aims to analyze the developmental aspects of preschool-aged children with ASD. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The sample consisted of four preschool-aged children with ASD and their four mothers, who were selected using purposive sampling based on the Denver II criteria. Data collection was conducted through interviews and observations of child development during one assessment period. Data analysis was performed thematically with triangulation of sources and techniques and verification through member checks to ensure data validity. Results: The thematic analysis yielded three main themes, namely: (1) motor aspects, which include delays in locomotor skills, manipulative movements, eye-hand coordination, and early writing skills; (2) language aspects showing barriers in speech initiation and language expression abilities; and (3) socio-emotional aspects including delays in environmental exploration, independence, and social interaction abilities. Conclusion: Preschool-aged children with ASD have developmental delays in motor, language, and social-emotional aspects with varying degrees of severity according to age. Structured occupational therapy and early intervention based on multisensory stimulation are recommended to support the optimal developmental achievement of children with ASD.
Manipulative Therapy Following Standard Therapy Improves Shoulder Joint Function in Patients with Frozen Shoulder
Background: Frozen shoulder is a common disorder encountered by physiotherapists, causing limited movement and pain in the shoulder joint. Many complaints experienced by patients require effective therapeutic modalities to improve joint functional ability. This study aimed to determine the effect of manipulation therapy after standard therapy on improving shoulder joint functional ability in frozen shoulder patients at Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang. Methods: This study used an experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test design with control, involving two groups of frozen shoulder patients. Sampling was conducted randomly with a total of 30 patients. Both groups received standard therapy in the form of TENS and ultrasound, while the treatment group received additional manipulation therapy. The measurement instrument used was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) to assess pain and functional ability, which was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The analysis showed a significant decrease in SPADI scores in the treatment group (pre-test value 62.6±6.17 decreased to post-test 44.07±5.8, p<0.05) compared to the control group (pre-test 64.4±7.58 to post-test 53.5±6.3, p<0.05). This indicates a greater improvement in functional ability and pain reduction in the treatment group. Conclusion: Manipulative therapy after standard therapy effectively improves function and reduces pain in patients with frozen shoulder. It is recommended that manipulative therapy be included in the rehabilitation protocol for frozen shoulder patients to achieve optimal therapeutic results.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Occupational Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Schizophrenia Patients
Background: Schizophrenia patients tend to experience anxiety that can hinder the occupational therapy process and occupational function recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the occupational therapy perspective on the anxiety levels of schizophrenia patients at Grhasia Mental Hospital, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Methods: This study used a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. Purposive sampling was used with a sample size of 16 schizophrenia patients. The research instrument used the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to measure anxiety levels before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the assistance of the SPSS program. Results: The analysis results showed a significant difference between anxiety levels before and after the CBT intervention, with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has a significant effect on reducing anxiety in schizophrenia patients at Grhasia DIY Mental Hospital. The application of CBT needs to be carried out on schizophrenia patients as a form of occupational therapy intervention to support emotional stability and improve occupational function.
Testing the Validity and Reliability of the Step Test for Elderly Balance
Background: A common problem among the elderly is a decline in functional capacity, which can affect their balance and lead to a high risk of falling. Balance is the ability to maintain body position while stationary or moving. Maintaining balance in the elderly is important to enable them to remain independent in performing various daily activities. The Step Test is one of the measurement tools that can be used to determine the level of balance in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Step Test in measuring balance in the elderly by comparing it with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with an observational method involving 20 elderly subjects. Results: Based on the validity test, p=0.001 and r=0.689 were obtained, which means that there is a strong relationship between the Step Test and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The interrater reliability test yielded a result of p=0.000 and ICC=0.897, while the intrarater reliability test yielded a result of p=0.000 and ICC=0.881. Conclusion: The Step Test is proven to be valid and reliable for measuring balance in the elderly. The Step Test is recommended for use in detecting the risk of falling more quickly and accurately in the elderly.
Overweight Not Associated with Q-Angle in the Elderly
Background: Overweight can affect the quadriceps angle (Q-angle), which plays an important role in knee balance and stability, especially in the elderly. Q-angle imbalance has the potential to cause musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to determine the relationship between overweight and Q-angle in the elderly. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted on December 1 and 5, 2022, at the Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital Retirees Association. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 54 elderly people (14 men and 40 women) aged 60–75 years. Data were collected using observation sheets and measurements of height, weight, and Q-angle in the supine position. Data analysis used Spearman's correlation test because the data were not normally distributed. Results: The average age of respondents was 64.41±3.77 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.41±1.22 kg/m² and an average Q-angle of 17.78±3.42°. The correlation test results showed a p-value >0.05 (r=0.196), indicating no significant relationship between overweight and Q-angle in the elderly. Conclusion: There is no relationship between overweight and Q-angle in the elderly. These results indicate that the measurement position, activities prior to measurement, and physical characteristics of the elderly can affect Q-angle values. The researchers suggest that Q-angle examinations in the elderly be performed in a functional position (standing) and with relaxed muscles.
Effect of Activity, Massage, Job Control-Demand on Ergonomic Posture of Office Workers
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common occupational injuries affecting muscles, joints, and the skeletal system. Effective management requires both individual and workplace support. Physical activity, therapy compliance, job control, and job demand are key factors influencing ergonomic posture and pain management outcomes. This study examined the effects of physical activity, massage therapy compliance, job control, and job demand on ergonomic posture of office workers in PT. X’s musculoskeletal pain management program. Methods: Quantitative and cross-sectional research using proportional random sampling, data from 100 office workers of PT X were analyzed with multiple linear regression (T-test and F-test) via SPSS. The ergonomic posture was evaluated through Rapid Assessment Office Strain (ROSA). Results: All variables significantly affected ergonomic posture (F = 227.621, p < 0.001). Massage therapy compliance contributed the most (40.2%), followed by physical activity (33.1%), job demand (9.2%), and job control (8.1%). Conclusion: Physical activity and therapy compliance had the strongest positive effects on ergonomic attitudes, emphasizing their role in improving musculoskeletal pain management at PT. X. It is recommended that workplace programmes prioritise efforts to increase physical activity and therapy compliance, as these two factors have the strongest positive influence on ergonomic attitudes and musculoskeletal pain management.
Exploring Occupational Therapy in the Punk Community: A Qualitative-Ethnographic Study
Background: The punk community is a subculture that is often viewed as contrary to the dominant culture. Society often misunderstands this community, constructing it as a negative and marginalized group. Occupational therapy strives to be more diverse, fair, and inclusive in order to strengthen practitioners' contributions to healthy and engaged communities. This study aims to explore the forms and meanings of occupation in the punk community through an occupational perspective. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods with an ethnographic approach. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used ethnographic thematic methods, while data validity was tested through source triangulation. Results: Thematic ethnographic analysis produced two main themes related to the exploration of occupation in the punk community. The first theme concerns the forms of occupation in the punk community, which include anti-mainstream, egalitarian, and DIY (Do-It-Yourself) aspects. The second theme discusses the meaning of occupation in the punk community, which includes working as a means of survival, occupation as self-expression, occupation as a form of contribution and concern for others, and participation in occupation to improve welfare and a sense of belonging. Conclusion: The forms and meanings of occupation in the punk community are very different from those in society at large. The beliefs and environment of the punk community shape unique occupational choices compared to the wider community. The results of this study emphasize the importance of expanding the scope of occupational therapy practices to be more inclusive.
Parenting Experiences in Shaping Sleep Routines for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Phenomenological Study
Background: Parenting styles influence sleep routines and problems in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); sleep quality includes efficiency, latency, duration, and wakefulness after onset. This study explores the experience of implementing bedtime routines based on caregiver parenting styles and their implications for the sleep quality of children with ADHD. Methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach; non-probability sampling (purposive sampling). Participants consisted of 8 caregivers (mothers, aunts, grandmothers) of children with ADHD at YPAC Surakarta; semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted 2–3 times per participant and analyzed thematically with credibility and confirmability tests. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) Caregiver parenting styles (implementation and influence on sleep), (2) Types of parenting styles based on Baumrind's aspects, (3) Sleep quality of children with ADHD (sleep quality, sleep problems, supporting factors). Authoritarian parenting was linked to a stable sleep schedule but had no impact on efficiency; democratic parenting influenced emotional regulation; permissive parenting had no apparent effect on sleep quality; neglectful parenting was associated with sleep-onset insomnia without a clear cause. Conclusion: Variations in parenting styles result in different profiles of impact on sleep quality indicators. Education and harmonization of parenting styles are recommended in pediatric occupational therapy services.
Health Promotion: Home Core and Flexibility Exercises to Manage Low Back Pain in Pregnancy
Background: Low back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women and is related to biomechanical adaptations, weight gain, and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Health promotion efforts, such as structured home exercise programs that focus on core stability and flexibility, can help alleviate these symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured home exercise program in preventing and managing low back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. Methods: A pre-experimental design with a single group and pretest-posttest approach was utilized, involving 42 pregnant women chosen through purposive sampling. The participants engaged in a Structured Home-Based Core Stabilization and Flexibility Exercise Program twice a week, with each session lasting 30–45 minutes over a span of eight weeks. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Due to the non-normal distribution of the pre- and post-intervention scores, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for analysis. Results: The VAS score significantly decreased from 4.81 ± 1.44 to 1.93 ± 0.84 (p < 0.001), with an average reduction of 2.88 points. The effect size was very large (r = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.86–0.88), indicating a strong intervention effect on pain reduction. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the program is an effective non-pharmacological health promotion strategy and can be recommended for routine implementation in maternal health services to prevent and manage low back pain during pregnancy.
Sensorimotor-Enhanced Shoulder Stabilization Exercises to Improve Their Hand Function in Children with Down Syndrome
Background: Down syndrome is a condition of a genetic disorder caused by an abnormality of chromosome 21. Statistical data shows that the average incidence of Down syndrome worldwide is 1 in every 700 births. This incident will increase with the increasing age of pregnant women. This study aims to compare the addition of sensory motor training to shoulder stabilization exercise to further improve upper extremity strength and fine motor coordination in the Down syndrome population. Methods: This research is an experimental study with blocked randomization. Group 1 (n=15) given the combination of sensorimotor exercises and shoulder stabilization exercise, while the Group 2 (n=15) were given shoulder stabilization exercise. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The intervention was given 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Measurements were carried out using the manual muscle test (MMT) and the manual abilities classification system (MACS). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Test and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare differences between the two independent groups. Results: The MMT value was p=0.037 (p<0.05) and the MACS value was p=0.041 (p<0.05). These results indicate a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Adding sensorimotor training in shoulder stabilization exercise intervention can improve upper extremity strength and fine motor coordination in down syndrome population. It is suggested to add sensorimotor training in down syndrome population.
Exercise-Based Intervention and Its Impact on Sleep Quality Among Older Adults
Background: Poor sleep quality is one of the common problems in the elderly. Non-pharmacological interventions such as chair-based exercise (CBE) are considered effective in improving sleep quality. The study aimed to determine how CBE affects the sleep quality of older people at community-based health service posts in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest-post test design was conducted at community-based health service posts in Central Java, Indonesia, with 30 elderly respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. The intervention was performed for 4 weeks, twice a week. 30 minutes/session. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The mean PSQI score before the intervention was 10.23 (SD = 1.80), with a maximum score of 15, and a minimum score of 7. After the intervention, the mean score decreased to 5.43 (SD =1.85), with a maximum score of 10 and a minimum score of 3. There was a significant decrease in PSQI scores after the intervention (Z= -4.583, p <0.001). Conclusion: CBE can be an alternative non-pharmacological therapy that is effective, safe, and easy to implement in the elderly community, especially in the posyandu environment, which is the center of public health activities, especially to improve sleep quality. Its inclusion in posyandu lansia programs provides a useful way to enhance sleep quality and support health promotion and prevention initiatives, without the need for medication.
Impact of Crossword Puzzle Therapy on Cognitive Performance Among Elderly Individuals
Background: The elderly experience a decline in cognitive function due to degenerative processes that affect their independence and quality of life. Crossword Puzzle Therapy is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that can stimulate cognitive functions, including memory, concentration, language, and problem-solving. This study aimed to examine the effect of crossword puzzle therapy on cognitive function among older adults at community-based health service posts in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: This research utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample, selected through purposive sampling, consisted of 35 elderly participants who took part in six intervention sessions over a two-week period. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data analysis involved the paired sample t-test for comparison, with the Shapiro–Wilk test applied to assess data normality. Results: The findings revealed an increase in the average MMSE score from 24.74 to 26.20 following the intervention. Results of the paired sample t-test yielded a p-value of <0.001 (<0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-therapy scores. Conclusion: Crossword Puzzle Therapy significantly improves the cognitive function of the elderly and offers an easy, affordable, and enjoyable intervention that can be applied within the community. Crossword Puzzle Therapy can be an intervention option to prevent cognitive decline and for older adults with cognitive impairment.
Understanding Social Participation in Post-stroke Patients: A Phenomenological Study
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Post-stroke patients experience various physical and mental problems. This has a significant impact on the patient’s life, affecting their ability to perform daily activities and participate in community social activities. As many as 50% of post-stroke patients still experience problems with social participation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social participation of patients after experiencing a stroke. Methods: This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach conducted at RSUD by Dr. Soedono Madiun. Data collection was carried out through interviews and documentation of 6 patients who had a stroke for at least 4 months which were included in the purposive sampling criteria. Results: From the thematic analysis that has been carried out, there are three themes regarding the social participation of post-stroke patients: (1) social participation of post-stroke patients, consisting of continuity in social activities, decreased activity, and socialization limitation; (2) social participation barriers, consisting of internal factors and external factors; and (3) coping strategies, consisting of physical recovery, staying connected, and social support. Conclusion: Post-stroke patients experience changes in social participation, they find it difficult to get involved in various social activities due to various barriers from within themselves and their environment. Recommendations for future research are to consider variables that exist as a consideration of research results, such as environmental conditions, stroke severity, gender, and so on.
Correlation Between Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among the Elderly
Background: Engaging in physical activity helps prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in the elderly, which affect both soft and hard supporting tissues of the limbs. Low physical activity levels in older adults often lead to MSD complaints, especially in the lower back, knees, shoulders, and hands. This study aims to evaluate the correlation of physical activity in the incidence of MSDs among the elderly. Methods: This study employed analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique. The participants consisted of 50 older adults aged 60 and above. The research utilized the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to assess physical activity, while musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). Data analysis was performed using the Spearman rank statistical test, facilitated by SPSS version 23 software. Results: The findings showed a notable relationship between physical activity and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in older adults, yielding a p-value of <0.001 and a correlation coefficient of -0.474, indicating a moderate level of strength. This means that the lower a person's level of physical activity, the higher the degree of Musculoskeletal Disorder complaints. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant correlation between low levels of physical activity and the prevalence and severity of MSDs among older adults at the Arum Sari Health Post. The findings emphasize the need to raise public awareness and investigate additional risk factors to enhance the prevention and management of MSDs in the elderly.