Correlation Between Handgrip Strength And Hand-Eye Coordination With Fall Risk Among Older Adults
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Fall risk is a major health concern among older adults, as it can lead to a decline in quality of life and increased morbidity. Previous studies have predominantly focused on balance and lower limb muscle strength, despite the multifactorial nature of falls. Increased fall risk in older adults is associated with a decline in neuromuscular function, particularly muscle strength and motor coordination. Handgrip strength, as an indicator of overall muscle strength, and hand-eye coordination, as a representation of motor control, may influence postural stability and movement control; however, their roles are often overlooked in the assessment of fall risk.
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 127 older adults were selected using purposive sampling. Handgrip strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, hand-eye coordination was assessed using the Box and Block Test (BBT), and fall risk was evaluated using the Modified Indonesian Fall Risk Assessment Tool (M-IFRAT). The data were analyzed using Somers’ d test to examine the relationships between variables.
Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between handgrip strength (p = <0.001; r = -0.429) and hand-eye coordination (p = <0.001; r = -0.545) with fall risk.
Conclusion: Handgrip strength and hand-eye coordination are significantly associated with fall risk among older adults at Puskesmas Sudiang, Makassar. These findings have practical implications for geriatric physiotherapy, particularly in fall prevention, as interventions incorporating muscle strengthening and coordination training may support postural stability and appropriate motor responses.
Article Details
How to Cite
References
Aditi Nilesh Tikle, & Dr. Nidhi Ladha. (2024). A correlational study between Eye Hand coordination and Balance among Geriatric Badminton players. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 12(1), 727–730. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0855
BPS. (2024). Jumlah penduduk menurut kabupaten/kota dan kelompok umur (ribu jiwa), 2024.
Dong, G., Guo, Y., Tu, J., Zhang, Y., Zhu, H., Bao, D., & Zhou, J. (2025). Association between grip strength level and fall experience among older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study from the CHARLS. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05735-w
Eskandarzadeh, M., Mansour-Ghanaei, R., Pourghane, P., & Chaboki, B. G. (2024). Role of handgrip strength in predicting the quality of life in older adults: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_287_23
Gordleeva, S., Grigorev, N., Pitsik, E., Kurkin, S., Kazantsev, V., & Hramov, A. (2025). Detection and rehabilitation of age-related motor skills impairment: Neurophysiological biomarkers and perspectives. Ageing Research Reviews, 113, 1–2.
Huang, L., Shen, X., Zou, Y., & Wang, Y. (2024). Effects of BMI and grip strength on older adults’ falls—A longitudinal study based on CHARLS. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415360
Li, K. yi, Lin, L. jung, Chan, A. T., Chen, C. H., Chang, W. ming, & Cho, Y. ju. (2020). Population based norms for the box and blocks test in healthy right-handed Taiwanese adults. Biomedical Journal, 43(6), 484–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.10.004
Li, Y., Hou, L., Zhao, H., Xie, R., Yi, Y., & Ding, X. (2023). Risk factors for falls among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1019094
Mahapatra, B., & Karri, B. (2025). Prediction of hand grip strength using anthropometric indicators among older adults: Evidence from LASI data. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 43, 284–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.05.018
Michel, E., Zory, R., Guerin, O., Prate, F., Sacco, G., & Chorin, F. (2024). Assessing muscle quality as a key predictor to differentiate fallers from non-fallers in older adults. European Geriatric Medicine, 15(5), 1301–1311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-024-01020-y
Neri, S. G. R., Lima, R. M., Ribeiro, H. S., & Vainshelboim, B. (2021). Poor handgrip strength determined clinically is associated with falls in older women. Journal of Frailty, Sarcopenia and Falls, 06(02), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.22540/jfsf-06-043
Nguyen, A., Lee, P., Rodriguez, E. K., Chahal, K., Freedman, B. R., & Nazarian, A. (2025). Addressing the growing burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the ageing US population: challenges and innovations. In The Lancet Healthy Longevity (Vol. 6, Number 5). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanhl.2025.100707
Nowakowska-Lipiec, K., Zadoń, H., Michnik, R., & Nawrat-Szołtysik, A. (2025). Progressive Loss of Muscle Strength: The Effects of Ageing and Sarcopenia on Muscle Function in Older Females. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14207276
Nurjannah, & Hartati. (2024). Eksplorasi Pengalaman Pengetahuan Dan Dukungan Keluarga Untuk Pencegahan Resiko Jatuh Pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(1), 2245–2246.
Patel, R., Jadhav, P., & Kadam, D. (2025). Correlation Between Eye–Hand Coordination And Reaction Time In Geriatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 13(10), 191–195.
Patton, S., Vincenzo, J., & Lefler, L. (2022). Gender Differences in Older Adults’ Perceptions of Falls and Fall Prevention. Health Promotion Practice, 23(5), 785–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399211009783
Selvakumar, K., Tay Wan Xin, E., & Thazhakkattu Vasu, D. (2025). Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Motor Skills and Balance Through Eye-hand Coordination Training in University Students. Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 11(4), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.32598/CJNS.11.43.575.1
Swathi, B., Srivastava, S., & Krishnaprasad, K. (2023). Gender Difference in Hand-eye Coordination in Young Adults-A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 17(1). DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2023/59208.17430
Szaflik, P., Zadoń, H., Michnik, R., & Nowakowska-Lipiec, K. (2025). Handgrip Strength as an Indicator of Overall Strength and Functional Performance—Systematic Review. In Applied Sciences (Switzerland) (Vol. 15, Number 4). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041847
Tóth, E. E., Vujić, A., Ihász, F., Ruíz-Barquín, R., & Szabo, A. (2025). Psychological Resilience and Complex Movement Coordination Predict the Risk of Falls in Older Adults. Journal of Population Ageing, 18(1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-024-09471-8
Wang, J., Li, Y., Yang, G. Y., & Jin, K. (2025). Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. In Aging and Disease (Vol. 16, Number 2, pp. 714–737). International Society on Aging and Disease. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0124-1
WHO. (2025). Population ageing. Global: World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/population-ageing
Wu, T., Lei, S., Chen, J., Yang, M., Liu, H., Wu, J., & He, Y. (2026). The association between executive function and eye–hand coordination in older adults: the partial mediation of attention, global cognition, and muscle strength. BMC Geriatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-07339-4
You, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, Z., Xie, F., Lin, Y., Lv, D., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Association of handgrip strength with health care utilisation among older adults: A longitudinal study in China. Journal of Global Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.14.04160